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Window Shutters
A window shutter is a solid and stable window covering usually consisting
of a frame of vertical stiles and horizontal rails (top, center and bottom). Set
within this frame can be louvres (both operable or fixed, horizontal or vertical),
solid panels, fabric, glass and most any other item that can be mounted within a
frame. Shutters may be employed for a variety of reasons, including controlling
the amount of sunlight that enters a room, to provide privacy, to protect against
weather and to enhance the aesthetics of a building. Depending on the application,
and the construction of the window frame, shutters can be mounted to fit within
the opening or to overlap the opening. The term window shutter includes both interior
shutters, used on the inside of a house or building, and exterior shutters, used
on the outside of a structure. On some styles of buildings it is common to have
shutters to cover the doors as well as the windows.
Interior shutters
Interior shutters usually hinge on either side of a window opening, and swing inwards
to allow access to the window or to allow light to enter a room. Operable louvreed
shutters have louvres, or slats, that rotate open and closed to control light, visibility
and airflow. Shutters that have operable louvres are described using different terms
such as traditional shutters, California shutters, or plantation shutters which
typically refers to the size of the louver blade. Other interior shutters use stationary
louvres that do not rotate (fixed louvres), solid panels that can be raised, recessed
or flat, fabric inserts or tinted glass. Shutters can be configured in a single
tier unit that has one shutter top to bottom of a window opening as well as multiple
tiers. Multiple tier units feature separate shutters on each tier which allows the
top shutters to be opened independently from the bottom shutters. Café type shutters
refer to shutters that only cover the lower portion of a window.
Full height shutters can be made with a horizontal divider rail which separates
the upper and lower portions of the shutter. With operable louvered shutters this
gives greater control as the louvres above the divider rail can be operated independently
from the louvres below the divider rail. A tilt bar (rod) is used for adjusting
louvre position and to keep them in a uniform position. Interior shutters can be
constructed from numerous woods, which can be painted or stained, and a variety
of synthetic materials. Interior shutters that are made to close tolerances are
preferable for the best possible fit. When louvres or tilt bar (rod) become damaged,
replacement kits for these damaged parts may be ordered online and are easy to install.
In the UK, most interior shutters historically were panelled.
Exterior shutters
Exterior shutters were originally constructed for light control, privacy, and protection
from the elements. Functional shutters hinge to either side of a window or at the
top and swing closed when necessary and can also be mounted on tracks applied to
the face of the building. Fixed and operable louvres shed rain, allow air transfer,
filter direct sunlight, protect from small flying debris, and provide privacy. Operable
louvred shutter allow for greater control in light and ventilation. Solid panels
and board-and-batten shutters are generally used for protection during severe weather.
Non-functional shutters are specifically used to enhance the features of a building.
Functional shutters have traditionally been constructed from solid woods that have
proven to endure outside elements but have also been mass produced in woods less
suitable to the outdoors like pine. Finishing wood shutters is recommended for extended
life. Composite shutters offer advantages over wood shutters such as resistance
to twisting, splitting, and rotting. However all composites aren't created equal
and, PVC shutters are often hinged with three or more hinges and painted with vinyl
safe paint to keep from bowing in the sun and can require additional hardware.
It should be noted that certain hardwoods that are currently used for exterior shutters,
specifically Spanish Cedar, Honduran Mahogany and Teak, have grain that actually
breathes out moisture making them resistant to rot and decay, and far more durable
than a softer wood like pine. Because of the tannin in these woods they are also
not prone to problems from insects. Non-functional exterior shutters can be constructed
from vinyl, wood, or other synthetic materials. Non-functional shutters simply screw
or bolt directly to the building. A recent material to be used for the making of
composite functional shutters is fiberglass because it is not prone to rotting or
twisting, and because it is dimensionally stable and has low expansion and contraction.
Fiberglass is a reinforced plastic unlike vinyl or PVC shutters so it does not warp
or sag much like its unreinforced counterparts. Its strength is comparable to aluminum
however it does not suffer from corrosion and electrolysis.
An exterior hurricane shutter or storm shutter is used to protect windows and doors
in a building against the effects of high winds, rain, and flying objects during
a hurricane, or as security gates over the opening. They can be made of a variety
of materials such as fiberglass, aluminium, iron, or wood and can be installed in
tracks to be quickly opened and closed with motorized controls. There are also high
impact resistant plastics that can be applied to new or existing wood shutters that
provide hurricane protection. Florida has recently modified its requirements for
hurricane shutters, so before purchasing any hurricane shutter you must check your
local building codes to see what is required and/or acceptable.
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